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职场英语：耍心机不如踏实干好这8件事
Employers assume that those they hire know how to perform certain tasks. For example your boss will expect you to know how to write a professional email and answer the phone properly. Those tasks are pretty simple, but others are a bit more complicated—for example apologizing for a mistake. That's not something everyone knows how to do. Here are 8 tasks, some simple and some not, that everyone must master:
雇主希望员工能够完成一些日常任务，如写一封有水平的邮件或者是得体地接听电话等。类似这样的任务其实是相当简单的，但是别的就复杂一点，就如在犯错之后及时道歉，这并不是每个人都知道怎么处理的。接下来向大家介绍8项日常的基本任务，有些比较简单，有些比较困难，但是是每个人都应该了解和掌握的事情。
1. Sending a Professional Email: If you are under the age of 30 it's very likely you have been using email since you've known how to write. What you may not know is that there's a big difference between sending email to your friends and using this medium for work-related correspondence. For example, you may write in all lowercase letters, use slang and abbreviations, and perhaps even let misspellings and bad grammar go by, when sending email to your friends. Those are some of the "do nots" to which you should be attentive when corresponding with coworkers, your boss or clients.
1. 写商务邮件：只要你还很年轻，发送电子邮件对于你来说只是小菜一碟。不过你可能不知道的是，写给朋友的邮件与工作伙伴间的通讯邮件是大不相同的。例如，在给朋友写信的时候，你可能会使用小写字母，俚语或缩写，甚至有时候单词拼写错误，语法混乱，不过这都没有关系，因为你们的关系亲近，理解对方。而一旦你给工作伙伴，老板或客户写邮件的时候，这些错误就一定要避免了。
2. Writing a Memo or Business Letter: It's hard to imagine having to send a paper copy of a memo or letter instead of an email, but it could happen. In case it ever does, you should know how to do it properly.
2. 写备忘和商务信函：很难想象，在当今社会还存在寄信的情况，不过这确实存在。为了应对这种情况，你需要了解商务信函的正确格式。
3. Answering the Telephone and Making Phone Calls: You've been making and receiving phone calls your entire life. Of course you know how to do this very simple task: you pick up the phone and say hello (or if making a call, you ask for the person to whom you want to speak). That's fine for personal phone calls but not for business calls. When you answer a call you should always identify yourself by name and state the name of your department or company. Give your name to the person who answers the phone when you are the caller and then tell him or her who you are trying to reach.
3. 拨打和接听电话：在你的人生中，已经拨打和接听过无数电话了。当然你知道接听电话是一件很简单的事情：拿起电话说hello(或者是打电话，请你想找的人接听电话)就可以了。不过这只限于打私人电话，商务通话则不行。每当你接听商务电话的时候，请切记报上自己的名字和所在的部门或公司。把你的名字告诉接听电话的人，并告诉他你想要请谁来接听电话。
4. Making Introductions: When you meet someone new it is polite to introduce yourself to him or her. It is also polite to introduce people to one another. In a work-related situation it is always best to use first and last names. For example, say "Hello. I'm Mary Smith" when you meet someone for the first time. You can also do this when you run into someone you've met before but whose name you don't remember. In that case, you can add "I know we've met before but I'm afraid I've forgotten your name." Chances are they don't remember yours either! When introducing others say, for example, "John Jones, I'd like you to meet Peter Smith."
4. 自我介绍：与别人初次见面，自我介绍是有礼貌的行为。在职场，最好使用全名。例如，在第一次与别人见面的时候，你可以说”Hello, I’m Mary Smith.” 你也可以在忘记了别人的名字的时候这样做。当然，也有可能是他们忘了你的名字。在这种情况下，你可以补充道，“我们之前见过面，但是我可能忘了您的名字。”。当介绍别人的时候，你可以这样说， “John Jones, I’d like you to meet Peter Smith.”
5. Taking Minutes at a Meeting: Many jobs involve attending meetings, at least occasionally. Often it is required that written records, called minutes, be kept of these meetings. At some point, the person running the meeting may turn to you to take these minutes. This will require keeping track of attendees and carefully taking notes of all discussions. You will also have to type up the minutes after the meeting.
5. 会议记录：很多职业场合或多或少都要开会，并且通常都需要会议记录。此时，会议的指导者会请你把会议内容记录下来。此时你需要细心详细地记录下每一位参与会议的人员的发言，会议过后你还要把记录打印出来。
6. Writing a 'To Do' List: Most jobs involve juggling multiple tasks. The best way to keep track of all of them is to keep a to do list. Write down all the tasks for which you are responsible, prioritized by the order in which you must complete them. Include due dates. Whether you use a smart phone app, computer software or a piece of paper, make sure you can either check off or cross out items as you complete them.
6. 编写待办事项：很多职业都要求员工完成多种任务。为了不会遗漏任何一件任务，最好的方法就是把它们一一罗列出来。把所有的事情以完成的紧急性按顺序写下来，要记得把截止期限也写上，这样才不会有错失。在使用智能手机的应用，电脑软件或者用纸条写下来的时候，要确保你可以随时查看并且能够标记已完成事项。
7. Apologizing for a Mistake: In order to apologize for a mistake, you will have to admit you made it. That's a hard thing to do but it's necessary. It is imperative that you act quickly—as soon as you realize your error, talk to your boss or whomever will it will effect. Try to have a plan in mind to correct the mistake.
7. 犯错后道歉：在道歉前，你必须承认自己犯了错。虽然这不是一件容易的事情，但是是必须的。并且越快越好，一旦发现出错了，要对可能造成影响的上司马上汇报情况，并且要有改错的意识。
8. Calling in Sick: No one likes getting sick but, even more than that, most people hate calling in sick. A precarious job market has led us to believe our presence at the office (or wherever your workplace happens to be) is of the utmost importance. While it is true that you shouldn't take sick days unnecessarily, you should try to avoid infecting your coworkers—stay home if you have a something they could catch! A phone call is usually the best way to inform your boss of your absence but make sure to follow your employer's notification procedures.
8. 请病假：没有人希望生病，不过更有甚者，人们都不喜欢请病假。当前不稳定的就业环境要求我们随时待命。但是不应该带病上班，以免传染给同事，那么就呆在家吧!最好的方法就是及时打电话请假，要注意不要在不适合的时间给上司打电话，以免打扰到上司。
如何用英语表达“好久不见”？
1. I haven't seen you for a long time. / Long time no see.
好久没见。
2. How have you been?
最近过得怎么样?
3. How's everything going?
最近过得还好吗?
4. What's happening?
在忙什么?
5. What have you been up to?
最近都忙些什么?
6. It's really nice to see you again.
再见到你真高兴!
7. What keeps you so busy lately?
你最近怎么这样忙?
8. What's up?
近来可好?
9. What's going on?
一切都好吗?
10. It's been a long time. How are things treating you?
好久不见。你怎么样?
英语口语：如何用地道表达买单方式？
1. Paying by Cash
现金支付
Guest: Waiter, the bill, please.
服务员，结账。
Waiter: Yes, sir. Here is your check/bill, sir. Thank you.
好的，先生。先生，这是您的账单，多谢。
Guest: Here you are.
给你。
Waiter: 200 yuan. Please wait a minute. I'll be right back with your changes and receipt.
这里收您200元，请稍等一会，我将很快找回零钱及账单给您。
Waiter: Here is your changes and your receipt, thank you. Good night. Hope to see you again.
多谢，这是找给您的零钱及账单。晚安，希望您再次光临。
Guest: Thank you. This is your tip.
谢谢!这是给你的小费。
Waiter: Thank you, sir. You're very kind.
多谢，先生。谢谢你的好意。
2. Paying by Credit Card
信用卡付账
Guest: Check/Take the bill，please.
结账。
Waiter: Here is your check, sir. Would you like to sign it to your room?
这是您的账单，先生。您想签单吗?
Guest: No, I'll just pay in cash. Do you accept U.S. Dollars.
不，我付现金，你们收美元吗?
Waiter: Yes. But we only have Chinese yuan for change. And the exchange rate is one hundred U.S. Dollar to RMB 804. Do you mind that?
是的，但是我们找零只有人民币，兑换汇率是100美元兑804人民币，你介意吗?
Guest: Well. May I use my credit card?
那么，可以用信用卡吗?
Waiter: Yes sure.
当然。
3. Sign the Bill
签字付账
Waiter: Would you like anything else?
您还需要些什么?
Guest: No, thank you. We'll have the bill now.
不需要了，谢谢。我们现在要结账了。
Waiter: Yes, sir. How would you like to pay for it, sir?
好的，先生，您打算怎样付账?
Guest: I'd like to put it on my hotel bill.
我想把账记在账单上。
Guest: What's your room number?
请问你的房间号?
Waiter: 1208.
1208。
Waiter: Would you sign your name and room number on the bill, please? And could you show me your room key/hotel passport.
在账单上写上您的名字和房间号码，并且请出示房匙/房卡，好吗?
Guest: Of course, here you are.
当然，给你。
4. Paying by Traveller's Cheques
用旅行支票付账
Guest: Waiter, Can I have the bill, please?
服务员，结账。
Waiter: Yes, sir.
好的，先生。
Guest: Do you accept traveller's cheque?
你们收旅行支票吗?
Waiter: Yes, sir. But could you give me your address and some identification?
是的，先生，但是您要出示地址和证件。
Guest: Here is my passport.
这是我的护照。
Waiter: Thank you.
谢谢。
Guest: Should I put my name and address on the back of the cheque?
我要把名字和地址写在支票背面吗?
Waiter: Yes, Would you please sign them in block letters?
是的，请用正楷字书写，好吗?
Guest: No problem.
没问题。
5. Using the Vouchers
使用赠券
Waiter: Excuse me, sir. Do you need anything else? If not, do you mind if I bring you your bill? It is nearly closing time.
对不起，先生，请问还需要点什么吗?如果不需要的话，介不介先结账呢?因为就要到关门时间了。
Guest: I'm sorry, check now, please.
对不起，现在结账吧。
Waiter: Would you like separate bills or one bill?/Would you like to pay together or separately?
请问分单还是一起结账?
Guest: Together.
一起结账。
Waiter: How would you like to pay for it, sir? You may pay cash, credit card, cheque or charge it to your room.
您打算怎样付账?你可以付现金、信用卡、支票或入房数。
Guest: I'd like to pay cash. I have discount card and vouchers here.
现金，我这儿有折头卡和赠券。
Waiter: I'm sorry. Discount card and vouchers are not to be used together.
对不起，折头卡与赠券不可以同时使用。
Guest: Well, use the vouchers first.
那先用赠券吧。
英语口语：地道表达“热“ 就这个feel倍儿热！
1. It's raining fire.(炎热指数★★★)
天跟下火似的。
[解析] 这一句光是看字面就能体会到那份焦灼之感，raining fire, 下火。
2.It's hot as heck(hell).(炎热指数★★★)
像地狱一样热。
[解析] 地狱大家都知道以高温著称。hot as hell，像地狱一样的温度，可想而知有多么热。 heck是hell的委婉表达形式。
eg：What the heck are you talking about?
你TM说什么呢?
3.It's a scorcher(炎热指数★★★★)
真是太太太热了!
[解析] scorcher,名词，“大热天”“极热的天气”。
4. We can fry eggs on the sidewalk.(炎热指数★★★★)
我们可以在人行道上煎蛋了!
[解析] 能在地上煎蛋的温度...不解释!
英语口语技巧：切忌逐字翻译
有人发现自己没日没夜的学习单词语法，但是效果并不明显开口还是 Chinglish。这里归纳了我在长期教学中所总结的各种中国学生在说英语时最容易出现的错误思维方式和习惯，和同学们分享，学习一门新的语言也就是在学习一种新的思维，一种对待事物的文化的另类看法。一直以来觉得能够说好一门外语的人的性格是更为开放的，更能去从不同角度思考同一个事物。
这里首先归纳口语学习的第一大忌。
一、有一定副作用的“为什么”思维
喜欢问为什么其实没有错，在孩子的教育中我们比较鼓励让孩子问为什么，但是在口语的学习中，个人觉得“为什么”的思维在一定程度上有很大的副作用。
英语和汉语各自在不同的文化中诞生和发展 , 而我们现在学于外语,学习的不是如何把自己的语言如何的翻译成另外一门语言 , 要学习的是在另外一个国家里面。在相同的一种语言环境下 , 他们在面临和我们一样的问题时候会说的那句话是什么。
就相当于我们知道中国人打招呼会和人说“最近怎么样”，而我们学习用英语打招呼的时候并不是学习如何把你好翻译成英语，而是学习当两个老外在遇见对方时候他们会给对方所说的第一句话是什么，比如一个学生问我 , 为什么对方 What’s up 表示一种问候和打招呼 ,What 是“什么”的意思 ,up是“向上”的意思 , 放在一起怎么会是打招呼呢?这个问题我既解释不清楚也不想去研究。吃了鸡蛋即可，我不大关心是哪一只鸡生的。谁知道人家当初发明语言的时候是怎么想的?我只知道他们一见面就说这句。所以这句话是打招呼，而且对方还做了一个回答，说明他是疑问句。除此以外他们还会说 What are you up to， How is it going ， How are you getting along 等。别问“为什么”耽搁时间，先学会再说。
最后总结下，在口语的学习中，特别是初级阶段，千万不要被“为什么”思维所困绕。老师也许会在课堂中讲解一些语言的有趣的由来，那是为了轻松下课堂气氛，但是不是每一个语言后面都有个动听故事可以说呢?不一定。绝大多数是无话可说的。而到达了语言学习的中高级阶段，这种为什么的思维就能够给你的学习增加很多兴趣，能够让你去挖掘他语言中的一些精髓，就象是老外反过头来研究我们的成语一样，他们会觉得很有意思。
二、逐字翻译式思维
这是最普遍也是最广泛的一种中式英语思维。在说英语的时候先想到一句汉语，然后逐字翻译成英语，再说出来。
这里我要强调，想到中文再翻译成英语这是所有的口语初学者在学习的初级阶段都会经历的一个阶段。但是这种翻译并不是逐字翻译，逐字翻译只会让你的语言颠三倒四，不伦不类。如果你进行逐字的翻译，就说明在你的理解当中你默认英语的发明是根据汉语的语法规则和使用方法诞生的。实际上两种语言是有着巨大区别。
而且文字在严格意义上来说不能一一对应 ., 我让一些初级的学员造句，我能借你的笔吗?他们一定会想到 I can borrow your pen?( 错误 ) 或者级别再高一点的同学会想到 Can I borrow your pen? 或者 Could you please lend me your pen? 第一句明显的是个巨大的错误，后面两句没有问题，但是可以看出他们在翻译上的一个误区，就是一定要在英语中找到汉语中的“能”“借”等关键词。从而让自己的思维陷入一个十分狭窄的境地。
在实际生活中，我们更为简单的表达方法，我们可以直接对对方说 Have you got a pen? 或者 Do you have a pen? 对方在听了以后都能明白你是在借笔，甚至你可以简短到用一个词语 ”Pen ? ” ，都能够表达你的意思。
这里强调在学习英语口语的过程中，我们的目的不是学习如何翻译，我们是为了能让对方明白我们要表达的意思，我们要表达的意思就是让对方知道你想要对方给你一只笔而已。并不要把自己的思维固定到某个词语上，中国人容易出现的问题是，在逐字翻译的过程中，如果出现了自己翻译不了的词语，思维就会被卡住，不能再继续进行对话。
我一次问学生，让他描述他的家庭，他想了半天告诉我，他想说“和谐”但是不知道单词。这就是一个中国人在和老外对话中最容易出现的状况，思维一下子就局限在了“和谐”上面。于是我换了个问题问他，在他的心目中，一个和谐的家庭应该具备那些因素，列举五个关键词，于是他就总结了五个词语love,respect,trust,happy,equal,然后我就问他，如果和谐可以用这五个词语来概括的话，为什么不使用这五个词语呢?为什么一定要抓不和谐不放呢?
在英语学习的思路中要抓住两条：
一、学习新的词汇和用法，如“和谐” Harmony。
二、运用你已经学习和掌握的简单词汇来描述和表达复杂的思想及情感。
倘若以上两条能够融会贯通，1500个词汇就能让你的口语变得巨牛无比。你和谐的家庭你可以这样说：It's a happy family with equality, full of love,and we respect each other,trust each other.
英语口语：关于初恋那件小事的绝妙单词搭配
1.对某人有意思：have a crush on someone
[注]crush做名词讲为“迷恋”，have a crush on someone表示对某人有很大的好感，很强烈的感情，也可以指暗恋
eg: I have a crush on you.
我特别喜欢你!
2.暗恋：be infatuated with
[注]迷恋、痴迷，尤指对某人产生强烈的短暂的情感
eg: He was infatuated with her.
他完全被她迷住了。
3.如胶似漆：honey and bee
[注] 字面意思：“蜂蜜和蜜蜂”，由此可见关系有多亲密
eg:They are together like honey and bee.
他们如胶似漆。